Carbon footprint | Sustainability on campus

The University of Twente strives to be CO2 neutral by 2030 and realise a 15% reduction of CO2 emissions by 2023 (compared to 2020).

The CO2 footprint calculates the greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the University’s activities as well as from the products and services it acquires. UT has been calculating its CO2 footprint since 2014 according to the greenhouse gas protocol which divides the emissions into three scopes, depending on the origin of the emissions. Part of the information the GHG protocol requires UT to record is published here in order to keep the CO2 report concise and readable for a broad audience.

The management summary provides you with a three-page overview of the 2019 CO2 footprint of the UT.

2019 CO2 Footprint UT - Management Summary

The complete 2019 CO2 report, you can find here.

Total CO2 emissions 2019

Factors influencing the CO2 footprint

The 2019 CO2 footprint shows that electricity contributes for 52% to UT’s CO2 footprint. The number of buildings in use, as a consequence of increased student and staff numbers, affects the demand for electricity, heating, cooling as well as air humidification in labs.

Mobility’s share of the CO2 footprint is 31% of which 18% is commuting. The number of students and staff and the way they travel has an impact on the contribution of commuting to the CO2 footprint. The mode of travel for work trips, especially flying, counts for 13% of UT’s total CO2 footprint.

CO2 footprint per person

To facilitate the interpretation of the data, the following graph is added which shows the number of students and staff over the last years. When dividing the total CO2 emissions of the university by the number of people, the line in the graph shows that while the number of people has increased, the CO2 emissions per person have decreased.

CO2 footprint

The CO2 footprint is divided into three scopes. This is related to the direct and indirect emissions of greenhouse gasses as a result of activities at UT.

Scope 1 2019

Scope 1: Direct emissions – These are GHG emissions due to gas consumption for air humidification and heating, fuel consumption of vehicles owned by UT and the refilling of air conditioning systems with refrigerants.

Scope 2 2019

Scope 2: Indirect emissions – These are GHG emissions from the generation of purchased electricity and district heating which is consumed by UT.

Scope 3 2019

Scope 3: Indirect emissions – These are GHG emissions which are indirectly emitted due to activities by UT. This includes work travel, commuting, waste, emissions of products and services bought as well as waste produced.

Steps taken
Long Term Agreements on energy efficiency
Since 2005 UT been part of the Long Term Agreements on energy efficiency. The essence of the agreements is to realise a reduction in energy consumption of 30% over 15 years. 2020 is the last year of this agreement and UT is on track to realise this reduction. The approach taken focusses on the Trias Energetica: limiting the demand for energy, using sustainably generated energy and when necessary, use energy generated by fossil fuels as efficiently as possible. At the page on Energy initiatives you can find more detail on what specific measures have been implemented. Also information on the Energy Roadmap (developed as part of the national Climate Agreement) can be found there.
Other initiatives implemented to reduce UT’s CO2 footprint can be found here.
Changes due to Corona
Due to the need for increased air circulation to prevent the spread of the virus by air, certain measures for energy efficiency are temporarily suspended, for example the connection of climate control systems (including ventilation) to the lecture room reservation system. Increased ventilation is advised to limit health risks. This will increase the energy consumption in this area.
CO2 compensation
The faculty of ITC has decided to compensate their air travel with the Climate Neutral Group (CNG). The CO2 footprint of this activity is calculated according to the CNG standards which differ from the GHG protocol used to calculate the UT footprint. A distinction in travel by ITC personnel and the UT could not be made due to privacy reasons. That is why the compensated amount of CO2 by ITC is not subtracted from the UT footprint, but it is acknowledged.
Additional information related to the GHG protocol
Two methodologies that are widespread to calculate the CO2 footprint are the greenhouse gas protocol and the ISO 14064 standard. These standards ask to detail the following information. In order to keep the main CO2 report concise and clear, this supporting information is only detailed here.
The greenhouse gas protocol was developed by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council on Sustainable Development (WBCSD). The protocol provides standards and guidance for preparing a greenhouse gas emissions inventory. The principles underpinning this protocol are: relevance, completeness, consistency, accuracy and transparency.
Contact person UT for CO2 footprint: Brechje Maréchal
Reporting period: Yearly, latest version: 2019
Base year: 2014 (first year the CO2 footprint reporting was conducted). The base year used in the strategy Shaping 2030 is 2020.

Organisational boundaries
All buildings that UT manages are included in the organizational boundary. Student housing and buildings managed by external companies are not included; buildings that are off-campus such as the ITC faculty building and ITC hotel are included. Appendix I of the 2019 CO2 footprint report contains a list of all buildings that have been included in the CO2 footprint.
Operational boundary
The operational boundary involves the identification of the emissions associated with UT’s operations. These emissions are categorized as direct and indirect emissions and divided into scope 1, 2 and 3. Direct emissions are emissions from sources that are controlled by the company. Indirect emissions are emissions that do not occur on campus but are a result of the activities UT conducts.
Scope 1: Direct emissions – GHG emissions due to gas consumption for air humidification and heating, fuel consumption of vehicles owned by UT and the refilling of air conditioning systems with refrigerants.
Scope 2: Indirect emissions – GHG emissions from the generation of purchase of electricity which is consumed by UT.
Scope 3: Indirect emissions – GHG emissions due to the activities by UT which are not in the control of UT.
Scope 3 is optional. UT strives to include as much data as possible which is relevant and for which reliable information can be obtained.
The GHG protocol has several categories scope 3 emissions that need to be assessed:
- Extraction and production of materials and fuels
- Transport-related activities
  Transportation of purchased materials or goods
  Transportation of purchased fuels
  Employee business travel
  Employee commuting to and from work
  Transportation of waste
- Electricity-related activities
  Fuel and fuel use not included in scope 1 and 2
- Leased assets, outsources activities
- Use of sold products and services
- Waste disposal
  Disposal of waste generated in operations
  Disposal of waste generated in the production of purchased materials and fuels
  Disposal of sold products at the end of their life
In order to determine which scope 3 categories are relevant, the protocol suggests to consider emissions that 1. are large relative to the scope 1 and 2 emissions, 2. contribute to the strategy of the organisation, 3. are deemed critical by stakeholders, 4. are emissions that can be influenced by UT.
UT decided to focus in 2019 on the categories also mentioned in the UT strategy : Water, waste, procurement, mobility: commuting and business travel. Mobility is a major GHG-generating activity.
UT has many contracts, large and small. Some suppliers have all the CO2 data available, others not yet. The aim is to increase the input received from all suppliers. By having a more complete overview it shows opportunities where gains can be made. By increasing scope 3 it also becomes clearer what the influence of staff and student’s choices is on scope 3 of the CO2 footprint. It will contribute to increasing awareness of everyone’s impact on the CO2 footprint.
List of scope 3 categories
For 2019 information was received from the following value chain partners: the waste collection company, florist, catering, chemicals, printing, electricity, district heating, green maintenance contractor, hardware, infrastructural works, maintenance installations, office articles (paper), coolants, hotel/meeting locations, maintenance building works, employment agency, public transport, travel agency, rented transportation, launderette and the moving companies. Data on commuting and work travel is included as well.
The data collected by the various companies varies. Some suppliers do not have quantitative data but do take steps to reduce their CO2 footprint and show this by sharing a certificate, for example florist Thuys received the Certificate for Sustainable Florist (silver). UT aims to stimulate the increase in the availability and the reliability of this data by including this as a criterium in tender processes. All data used for these companies was provided to UT by these companies.
Transport related to purchased goods and services have now been included in their integral CO2 reporting while in previous years the GHG emissions of transport and deliveries to the university was estimated separately. Therefore, for 2019 this is not indicated separately anymore.
Transport data for commuting dates from a survey conducted by UT in 2011. We aim to update this data this year to be able to include a more accurate figure for the CO2 footprint of 2020. Due to the corona measure of working from home, this update may have to be postponed until the commuting movements have normalised. Business travel data is provided by the travel agency which books all flights. There seems to be a difference in calculations of the CO2 emissions between companies and this will be further analysed in the following CO2 footprint reports.
Leased assets have not been included into the CO2 footprint of 2019.
Quantification methods

The quantification of scope 1 emissions comes from the energy meters of UT buildings and from the gas provider, the refrigerant provider and for fuel consumption by UTs own vehicles the record of the petrol usage was used. The details of scope 2 emissions come from the energy meters at UT buildings complemented by the electricity and district heating companies. This data is very accurate and reliable.
The quantification of scope 3 emissions is dependent on the methodology used by the relevant company. Emission factors used are taken from this list of standard emission factors. For train travel the data provided by the Dutch Railways is used, for commuting the data from the 2011 survey on commuting adjusted for increasing student and staff numbers. The commuting data needs updating but using the available numbers adjusted for increased staff and students are the best available option for 2019.
Changes compared to previous years
The Dutch electricity mix changed in 2017. While the consumed energy did not increase, the emissions related to this did. The reference figures used for the calculations of the emissions are nationwide figures and this lies outside of our control.
District heating used from 2014 to 2018 was considered ~ 50% CO2-neutral (heat derived from the burning of waste). In 2018 onwards, the district heating delivered to UT is considered 100% CO2-neutral as it comes from the bio-energy installation.
Reference documents

Emission factors
Greenhouse gas protocol
ISO 14064 standard