From fundamental research to practical solution
“Clay naturally has a layered structure,” explained Professor Frieder Mugele, chair of Physics of Complex Fluids. “Through ion exchange, we can adjust the distance between those layers precisely. That allows CO₂ molecules to attach to the clay, while methane, the useful part of biogas, passes straight through.”
Biogas typically contains about 60 percent methane and 40 percent CO₂. By capturing the CO₂ fraction, what remains is pure methane suitable for use as biomethane, a sustainable alternative to natural gas. The technology is energy-efficient, low-cost, and therefore suitable for smaller-scale applications, such as farms or waste treatment plants.
From lab to field trial
The research started as fundamental work within Mugele’s group, without a specific application in mind. PhD candidate Niels Mendel and researchers Igor Siretanu and Wim Brilman changed that. Their experiments with different types of clay showed that the material not only works but is also reusable – an important step towards practical deployment.
The next phase is scaling up. The first pilot tests are scheduled for late 2025, at a wastewater treatment facility and on a farm. If successful, the technology could be applied worldwide. Especially in developing regions, the simplicity of the process offers huge potential: biogas systems could provide clean energy without the need for complex infrastructure.
Protecting and growing the innovation
To safeguard the innovation, CarbSorbTec applied for a patent. “That was an intensive process, but a necessary one”, says Mugele. “We want our technology to be used, but in a responsible way.” Support came from Novel-T, which assisted with funding, patenting and the first steps towards setting up the company.
Looking ahead: CO₂ as a resource
The researchers are already looking further ahead. The clay materials could be adapted to separate other gases, or even to reuse CO₂ as a feedstock rather than merely storing it. “A new economy must emerge where CO₂ is no longer seen as waste but as a building block,” said Mugele. “And our clay technology can contribute to that vision.”
