Language Centre

UT English style guide

Welcome to the UT English style guide.

The objectives of this style guide are: to provide a guide to consistent presentation for University staff in communications that are written in English; to facilitate and encourage the writing of clear and reader-friendly English; to review feedback and update the guide at least once a year, ensuring that it properly reflects modern English usage and is fit for purpose.

This guide is not intended as a guide to academic language.


General recommendations

General recommendation: British English & spelling checker

Turn your spell checker to British English.

  • Ensure that the spell checker (set to British English) is consistent on Word, Outlook, Drive, ... etc.
  • Consult the online Oxford Learner's Dictionary (https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/) to check spelling, grammar and punctuation not covered by this guide. Please note that multiple spellings of a word may occur, e.g.'focused' and 'focussed'. In such cases, use what the Oxford Dictionary considers the guideline (in this case, 'focussed' is the first spelling given). Exception: nouns and verbs ending in -isation and -ise, e.g. organisation and organise, are commonly written in British English with an -s-, where Oxford advises -z- as a first choice. In these cases, please use the -s-!
  • Consult APA style guidelines for questions about formatting a text.

British or American English?

Decisions taken in this style guide are based on the standard usage of English in Britain and Ireland, called ‘British English’. This entails the use of British spelling but with the awareness that the presence of American spelling has an ongoing influence so be aware that many of the texts that you read in English use American spelling.

If for a particular reason, your text needs to be written in American English, the most important rule is to ensure that the spelling, grammar and punctuation are consistent with one type of usage.

British spelling in words such as: 'organise' 'organisation' 'realise' 'realisation'

At UT, we use British standard English (without Oxford spelling).  That means we spell words such as organise using the suffix '-ise'.

Here's why:

Standard British English spelling rules use the suffix '-ise' to spell words such as organise, realise and summarise.  What is more, the spell checker on your computer, when set to British English, uses the suffix '-ise' to spell these words.

However, there are a number of exceptions to this spelling rule and this makes it particularly confusing.

First of all, note that American English uses the suffixes '-ize' and '-ization' to spell words such as organize and organization, so we often encounter this spelling in our reading.

But even more confusing: within the rules of British English, an additional exception exists.  The Oxford Dictionary, for example, uses (as the first spelling) the suffix '-ize' to spell words such as organize, realize and summarize.  This particular spelling with '-ize' is known as Oxford English (the Oxford Learner's Dictionary does also acknowledge the '-ise' spellings as correct, but does not place this spelling as its first spelling). Oxford English spelling, therefore, is an exception to the general spelling rules within British English.

For these reasons and for the sake of consistency and convenience, the UT English Style Guide advises the use of the -'ise' spelling of these such words:

capitalise capitalisation organise organisation summarise socialise realise realisation 

Simply set the spell checker to British English and all of this will be taken care of.

As a final note: we do acknowledge that this particular spelling recommendation will continue to be confusing, inconsistent and contentious. Although some international organisations prefer Oxford spelling, the University of Oxford itself advises the use of the '-ise' spelling in its style guide, stating: 'We prefer ‘-ise’ as it is more common in British usage and requires fewer exceptions'. 

Reference: University of Oxford Style Guide. "[PDF File]" Retrieved from https://www.ox.ac.uk/public-affairs/style-guide?wssl=

References

Reference list
Recommended resources

Contact & Questions

If you have any questions about this guide, or suggestions for improvement, please contact us using the feedback form below. Please help us improve and develop this style guide with specific and ongoing feedback regarding:

  • The organisation of information;
  • Mistakes, errors, and inconsistencies in our own presentation of information;
  • Information that is not included, but would be helpful;
  • Questions about the content of this style guide;
  • Other matters concerning the style guide.

We endeavour to respond to feedback at short notice, as far as realistically can be managed.  In any case, your feedback is welcome and will be documented here. Recall that one objective of this style guide is:

  • To review feedback and update the guide at least once a year, ensuring that it properly reflects modern English usage and is fit for purpose.

We will also try to manage questions and suggestions as they arise.

Feedback form

Please leave your e-mail address if you want us to get back to you.